THE VARIETY

CATURRA
Caturra is a natural mutation of the Bourbon variety, discovered on a plantation in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, sometime between 1915 and 1918. This mutation, characterized by a single-gene causing dwarfism or compact growth, earned the variety its name, derived from the Guarani word meaning "small," also known as "Nanico."

Following the discovery of Caturra, selections were conducted by the Instituto Agronomico (IAC) of São Paulo State in Campinas, Brazil, starting in 1937. Breeders were particularly intrigued by Caturra's reduced size, allowing for closer plant placement, and its closely spaced secondary branches, facilitating increased fruit production within the same space. The selection process for Caturra, termed mass selection, involved choosing individuals based on superior performance, combining seeds from these plants to form a new generation, and repeating the process.

Although never officially released in Brazil, Caturra became prevalent in Central America. Introduced in Guatemala in the 1940s, widespread commercial adoption took another three decades. From Guatemala, it spread to Costa Rica, Honduras, and Panama. For many years, Caturra held significant economic importance in Central America, often serving as a benchmark against which new cultivars were tested. In Colombia, Caturra accounted for nearly half of the country's production until a government-sponsored program, starting in 2008, promoted the renovation of over three billion coffee trees with the leaf-rust-resistant Castillo variety, which has Caturra parentage.

Caturra played a role in the intensification of coffee cultivation in the region during the second half of the 20th century, marked by higher-density planting, typically in full sun. Additionally, Caturra is recognized as one of the parent varieties of the so-called "Catimor" family of cultivars. Various lines of the coffee-leaf-rust-resistant Timor Hybrid were crossed with Caturra to produce a dwarf/compact plant with rust resistance.

BOURBON
Bourbon is the most famous of the Bourbon-descended varieties. It is a tall variety characterized by relatively low production, susceptibility to the major diseases, and excellent cup quality. French missionaries introduced Bourbon from Yemen to Bourbon Island (now La Réunion)—giving it the name it has today—in the early 1700s. Until the mid-19th century, Bourbon did not leave the island. But beginning in the mid-1800s, the variety spread to new parts of the world as the missionaries moved to establish footholds in Africa and the Americas.

The Bourbon variety was introduced to Brazil around 1860, and from there rapidly spread north into other parts of South and Central America, where it is still cultivated today. Here it became mixed with other Bourbon-related varieties, introduced from India as well as Ethiopian landraces. Nowadays, there are many Bourbon-like varieties found in East Africa, but none exactly match the distinct Bourbon variety that can be found in Latin America. Today in Latin America, Bourbon itself has largely been replaced by varieties that descend from it (notably including Caturra, Catuai, and Mundo Novo), although Bourbon itself it is still cultivated in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Peru.

Bourbon grows best at heights between 1,100 and 2,000 meters above the sea level and produces a 20-30% higher yield than Typica. It has a commercially viable level of yield potential and growth habit, but is generally susceptible to disease and pests.